Use of ships, aircraft and vehicles: carriage of goods to Iran

article 4A(1) of The Iran (United Nations Sanctions) (Amendment) Order 2016 (revoked)

• Status not determined
• Requires proof of a state of mind
• International sanctions, export control and trade restrictions

This offence was read from the text as made, and no revised version was available, so a later revocation could not be ruled out. Check the current text at legislation.gov.uk.

What the provision says

1 It is an offence for

a relevant person to knowingly use

a ship, aircraft or vehicle falling within paragraph (2) for the carriage of goods to which this article applies if the carriage is, or forms part of, carriage from any place outside Iran to any destination in Iran.

Text as made, from legislation.gov.uk. © Crown copyright, reused under the Open Government Licence v3.0. This is the text as originally made; later amendments are not shown here.

Who it binds, and what has to be proved

Binds

a person

Conduct

breaching the provision

Fault element

Requires proof of a state of mind

Burden of proof

No statutory defence — prosecution proves everything

The prosecution must prove both that the conduct happened and that it was done with the state of mind the provision names (knowingly).

The provision states no defence, so the prosecution bears the burden on every element of the offence.

Classifier’s reasoning: mens rea word in the offence-creating words: knowingly.

What would breach article 4A(1)?

These are illustrations, not law. They are generated from the provision’s own words to show the shape of the offence. Whether any particular conduct is caught depends on the full text, on any amendment since, and on the facts.

1. Doing what the provision prohibits, or failing to do what it requires under the Iran (United Nations Sanctions) (Amendment) Order 2016.

Penalty

Mode of trial

Not determined

Maximum fine

Not determined

Maximum prison (summary)

Not determined

no penalty is stated here: this instrument amends another one, and the penalty for the offence is in the instrument being amended.

No penalty was determined from this instrument. It may be in the enabling Act, or in a general penalties provision this pass did not connect to the offence. Absence of a figure here is not evidence that the offence carries no penalty.

Sentencing

Offences of this kind are usually sentenced under the guidelines below. This is a mapping by subject, not a finding about this provision, and the links go to a search of the Sentencing Council’s own site.

• Sentencing organisations: fines and the means of a corporate defendant All courts in England and Wales

  How a fine on a company is arrived at from its turnover. Relevant far beyond the guidelines that state it, because a very large share of the offences in this corpus can only be committed by an organisation.

• Fraud, bribery and money laundering offences: definitive guideline Magistrates' courts and the Crown Court in England and Wales · in force from 1 October 2014

  Covers fraud, false accounting, bribery and money laundering, including offences committed by organisations.

• Reduction in sentence for a guilty plea: definitive guideline All courts in England and Wales · in force from 1 June 2017

  The sliding scale of credit for pleading guilty, from one third at the first stage of proceedings downwards.

• General guideline: overarching principles All courts in England and Wales · in force from 1 October 2019

  The guideline a court uses when there is no offence-specific guideline, which is the position for the overwhelming majority of offences created by statutory instrument. It sets out how culpability and harm are assessed from first principles.

• Totality: definitive guideline All courts in England and Wales

  How to sentence more than one offence at once so that the total is just and proportionate - frequently in point here, because regulatory prosecutions commonly charge several breaches of the same instrument.

Prosecution figures

No published per-offence figure was found for this provision, and it could not be matched to a Ministry of Justice offence code. Offences created by statutory instrument very largely do not have one. Absence of a figure is not evidence that the offence is unused.

Status and lifecycle

Current status

Status not determined

Made

15 March 2016

In force from

13 April 2016

Extent

E+W+S+NI

How this was established: read from the text as made; no revised version available, so later revocation could not be ruled out.

What the instrument is for

(This note is not part of the Order) — the explanatory note published with the instrument, © Crown copyright.

This Order amends the Iran (United Nations Sanctions) Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/886) (“the principal Order”) to give effect to changes to certain aspects of United Nations sanctions against Iran which took effect on 16th January 2016 as set out in United Nations Security Council resolution 2231 adopted on 20th July 2015 (S/RES/2231 (2015)). In particular, the Order substitutes new restrictions on the carriage of certain goods to and from Iran in articles 4 and 4A of the principal Order, subject to the licensing provisions in new article 4B. It also omits the restrictions on the provision of ship supply services in article 5A of the principal Order. The Order also updates and makes minor amendments to other articles in the principal Order. It omits the restrictions on procurement of certain goods from Iran in article 3 of the principal Order as provision is made for this in export control legislation.

Read the full note and every offence in this instrument

Other offences in the same instrument

• “4(1) or 4A(1)”; b for paragraph 4, substitute— 4 If an authorised officer identifies on the ship any goods…article 2(11)
• If an authorised officer identifies on the ship any goods the carriage of which from Iran constitutes an…article 2(11)(b)
• Use of ships, aircraft and vehicles: carriage of goods from Iran 4 1 It is an offence for a relevant person…article 2(4)
• Use of ships, aircraft and vehicles: carriage of goods to Iran 4A 1 It is an offence for a relevant person…article 2(5)
• In article 5(2), omit from “Provided that no person shall be guilty of an offence” to the endarticle 2(6)
• Use of ships, aircraft and vehicles: carriage of goods from Iranarticle 4(1)

How this was identified as an offence

Everything above rests on the judgement that this provision creates a criminal offence, rather than mentioning one. That judgement is made by rule, from the words of the provision, and this is the rule that made it — with a confidence of 0.90.

Basis

the provision says “it is an offence”; the provision says an offence is committed “if” something happens

Confidence

0.90 of 1.00

A provision that states a penalty for an offence created elsewhere can read very like one that creates an offence, and the rules can mistake the one for the other. If the text quoted above sets a penalty for something made an offence by another provision, treat the classification on this page with that in mind, and read the instrument.

Check the source

• This provision on legislation.gov.uk The authoritative text. Check it before relying on anything here.
• The Iran (United Nations Sanctions) (Amendment) Order 2016 (revoked) Every offence this instrument creates, and its explanatory note
• International sanctions, export control and trade restrictionsOther offences on the same subject
• Offences created in 2016