Contravention of The Civil Aviation (Investigation of Air Accidents) Regulations 1989
the instrument as a whole of The Civil Aviation (Investigation of Air Accidents) Regulations 1989
- Revoked
- Strict liability
- Set by another provision
- Health and safety, environment, waste and fisheries
The provision has been revoked and no saving provision preserving liability for earlier conduct was found.
What the provision says
Contravening this instrument is an offence under section
61 of the Civil Aviation Act 1982. The instrument itself contains no offence-creating words.
Text as made, from legislation.gov.uk. © Crown copyright, reused under the Open Government Licence v3.0. This is the text as originally made; later amendments are not shown here.
Who it binds, and what has to be proved
- Binds
- a person
- Conduct
- breaching the provision
- Fault element
- Strict liability
- Burden of proof
- Not determined
The prosecution must prove that the conduct happened. This is a strict liability offence as drafted: the provision uses no word of intention, knowledge, recklessness or negligence, so there is no need to show that a person meant to do it, knew about it, or was careless.
Intention, knowledge and carelessness are irrelevant to guilt. They may still matter a great deal to sentence.
Classifier’s reasoning: contravention offences of this kind are strict as to the breach; the fault position is governed by the parent Act and was not read from it.
What would breach the instrument as a whole?
These are illustrations, not law. They are generated from the provision’s own words to show the shape of the offence. Whether any particular conduct is caught depends on the full text, on any amendment since, and on the facts.
- Doing what the provision prohibits, or failing to do what it requires under the Civil Aviation (Investigation of Air Accidents) Regulations 1989.
Penalty
- Mode of trial
- Set by another provision — the instrument states the penalty by reference to an Act or to another regulation
- Maximum fine
- Not determined
- Maximum prison (summary)
- Not determined
The instrument does not state a penalty itself. It sets one by reference to section 61 of the Civil Aviation Act 1982.
the penalty is in the parent Act, not in this instrument.
No penalty was determined from this instrument. It may be in the enabling Act, or in a general penalties provision this pass did not connect to the offence. Absence of a figure here is not evidence that the offence carries no penalty.
Sentencing
Offences of this kind are usually sentenced under the guidelines below. This is a mapping by subject, not a finding about this provision, and the links go to a search of the Sentencing Council’s own site.
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Sentencing organisations: fines and the means of a corporate defendant
All courts in England and Wales
How a fine on a company is arrived at from its turnover. Relevant far beyond the guidelines that state it, because a very large share of the offences in this corpus can only be committed by an organisation.
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Environmental offences: definitive guideline
Magistrates' courts and the Crown Court in England and Wales · in force from 1 July 2014
Covers unauthorised or harmful deposit, treatment or disposal of waste, illegal discharges to air, land and water, and the equivalent offences committed by organisations. It is the guideline that introduced turnover bands for corporate fines, so the size of the defendant company is a starting point rather than a mitigating detail.
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Health and safety offences, corporate manslaughter and food safety and hygiene offences: definitive guideline
Magistrates' courts and the Crown Court in England and Wales · in force from 1 February 2016
Covers breaches of duty under the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 and the regulations made under it, and food safety and food hygiene offences. Sentencing turns on culpability and on the seriousness and likelihood of harm risked, not only on the harm that happened.
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Reduction in sentence for a guilty plea: definitive guideline
All courts in England and Wales · in force from 1 June 2017
The sliding scale of credit for pleading guilty, from one third at the first stage of proceedings downwards.
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General guideline: overarching principles
All courts in England and Wales · in force from 1 October 2019
The guideline a court uses when there is no offence-specific guideline, which is the position for the overwhelming majority of offences created by statutory instrument. It sets out how culpability and harm are assessed from first principles.
-
Totality: definitive guideline
All courts in England and Wales
How to sentence more than one offence at once so that the total is just and proportionate - frequently in point here, because regulatory prosecutions commonly charge several breaches of the same instrument.
Prosecution figures
No published per-offence figure was found for this provision, and it could not be matched to a Ministry of Justice offence code. Offences created by statutory instrument very largely do not have one. Absence of a figure is not evidence that the offence is unused.
Status and lifecycle
- Current status
- Revoked
- Revoked by
- The Civil Aviation (Investigation of Air Accidents and Incidents) Regulations 1996
- Revoked on
- 21 November 1996
- Made
- 7 November 1989
- In force from
- 28 November 1989
- Extent
- Not stated
How this was established: the instrument was revoked by a later instrument found in this corpus.
What the instrument is for
(This note is not part of the Regulations) — the explanatory note published with the instrument, © Crown copyright.
These Regulations re-enact the Civil Aviation (Investigation of Accidents) Regulations 1983 with amendments. Some minor and drafting amendments have been made. The principal changes are– a The division of investigations by Inspectors into formal investigations which are the subject of a report to the Secretary of State and field investigations following which information on the accident is to be submitted to the CAA (regulations 2, 10 and 11). b The insertion of a new definition of “serious injury” to conform with the definition in Annex 13 (seventh edition) to the Chicago Convention (regulation 2). c The extension of the scope of the Regulations to accidents involving aircraft not registered in the United Kingdom occurring outside the United Kingdom to enable evidence to be obtained in respect of any such accident in order to assist the state conducting an investigation into the accident, in conformity with Annex 13 (seventh edition) to the Chicago Convention (regulations 3 and 21). d The prohibition of disclosure of the contents of a notice or Inspector’s report served under regulation 12 without the prior consent of the Chief Inspector (regulation 12) e The introduction of a requirement that a person requesting a review board shall include in the notice of review the reasons why he claims that his reputation is likely to be adversely affected by the report (regulation 13). f The procedure at the preliminary meeting of the Review Board is amended so that the meeting may be held in private and the Review Board may decide at the meeting not to proceed with the review (regulation 14). g At the hearing of the review the person requesting the review shall present his case first. The Review Board’s power to make an order as to costs against a person appearing at the review is extended to include the costs of any other person appearing at the review (regulation 15). h Consequent on the introduction of a power in regulation 14 for the Review Board to decide not to proceed with the review at the preliminary hearing the Secretary of State is given power to direct that the review be proceeded with (regulation 17). Copies of Annex 13 to the Chicago Convention are obtainable from the Civil Aviation Authority, Printing and Publication Services, Greville House, 37 Gratton Road, Cheltenham, Glos GL50 2BN.
Read the full note and every offence in this instrument
How this was identified as an offence
Everything above rests on the judgement that this provision creates a criminal offence, rather than mentioning one. That judgement is made by rule, from the words of the provision, and this is the rule that made it — with a confidence of 0.55.
- Basis
- the penalty comes from the enabling Act rather than from this instrument
- Confidence
- 0.55 of 1.00
A provision that states a penalty for an offence created elsewhere can read very like one that creates an offence, and the rules can mistake the one for the other. If the text quoted above sets a penalty for something made an offence by another provision, treat the classification on this page with that in mind, and read the instrument.
Check the source
- This provision on legislation.gov.uk The authoritative text. Check it before relying on anything here.
- The Civil Aviation (Investigation of Air Accidents) Regulations 1989 Every offence this instrument creates, and its explanatory note
- Health and safety, environment, waste and fisheriesOther offences on the same subject
- Offences created in 1989