UK Offence Report

In regulation 49 (detention of ships)— a in paragraphs (1), (2) and (3), for “Secretary of State”, in each…

paragraph 24 of SCHEDULE 2 of The Iran (Sanctions) (Overseas Territories) Order 2023

This offence was read from the text as made, and no revised version was available, so a later revocation could not be ruled out. Check the current text at legislation.gov.uk.

What the provision says

24 In regulation 49 (detention of ships)— a in paragraphs (1), (2) and (3), for “Secretary of State”, in each place it occurs, substitute “Governor”; b in paragraphs (4) and (6), for “United Kingdom”, in both places it occurs, substitute “Territory”; c after paragraph (7) insert— 7A The Secretary of State may direct the Governor to exercise any of the Governor’s powers under this regulation. ; d for paragraph (8) substitute— 8 Where a detention direction is given under this regulation in relation to a ship, an authorised officer may detain the ship. 8A If a ship in respect of which a detention direction has been given to the master proceeds to sea in contravention of the detention direction, the master of the ship commits an offence. 8B If a ship in respect of which a detention direction has been given to the master fails to comply with any requirements imposed by the direction, the master of the ship commits an offence. 8C The owner of a ship, and any person who sends to sea a ship, in respect of which an offence is committed under paragraph (8A) or (8B), if party or privy to the offence, also commits an offence under that paragraph. 8D Any reference in this regulation to proceeding to sea includes a reference to going on a voyage or excursion that does not involve going to sea, and references to sending to sea are to be construed accordingly. ; e for paragraph (10) substitute— 10 In this regulation, “designated person” means a person for the time being designated by the Secretary of State under regulation 5 (power to designate persons) (as it has effect in the United Kingdom) for the purposes of regulations 46, 48, 49 and 50 (ships: prohibition on port entry etc.) (as they have effect in the United Kingdom).

Text as made, from legislation.gov.uk. © Crown copyright, reused under the Open Government Licence v3.0. This is the text as originally made; later amendments are not shown here.

Who it binds, and what has to be proved

Binds
a master
Conduct
failing to comply with a notice or direction
Fault element
Strict liability
Burden of proof
No statutory defence — prosecution proves everything

The prosecution must prove that the conduct happened. This is a strict liability offence as drafted: the provision uses no word of intention, knowledge, recklessness or negligence, so there is no need to show that a master meant to do it, knew about it, or was careless.

Intention, knowledge and carelessness are irrelevant to guilt. They may still matter a great deal to sentence.

The provision states no defence, so the prosecution bears the burden on every element of the offence.

Classifier’s reasoning: no word of intention, knowledge, recklessness or negligence in the offence or its provision.

What would breach paragraph 24 of SCHEDULE 2?

These are illustrations, not law. They are generated from the provision’s own words to show the shape of the offence. Whether any particular conduct is caught depends on the full text, on any amendment since, and on the facts.

  1. On these words an offence is committed where a master sends to sea a ship, in respect of which an offence is committed under paragraph (8A) or (8B), if party or privy to the offence, also.
  2. Being served with a notice under the Iran (Sanctions) (Overseas Territories) Order 2023 and doing nothing by the date it specifies.
  3. Doing part of what the notice requires, where it required all of it.
  4. Disagreeing with the notice and ignoring it, rather than using whatever appeal the instrument provides.

Penalty

Mode of trial
Not determined
Maximum fine
Not determined
Maximum prison (summary)
Not determined

no penalty is stated here: this instrument amends another one, and the penalty for the offence is in the instrument being amended.

No penalty was determined from this instrument. It may be in the enabling Act, or in a general penalties provision this pass did not connect to the offence. Absence of a figure here is not evidence that the offence carries no penalty.

Sentencing

Offences of this kind are usually sentenced under the guidelines below. This is a mapping by subject, not a finding about this provision, and the links go to a search of the Sentencing Council’s own site.

Prosecution figures

No published per-offence figure was found for this provision, and it could not be matched to a Ministry of Justice offence code. Offences created by statutory instrument very largely do not have one. Absence of a figure is not evidence that the offence is unused.

Status and lifecycle

Current status
Status not determined
Made
13 December 2023
In force from
14 December 2023
Extent
Not stated

How this was established: read from the text as made; no revised version available, so later revocation could not be ruled out.

What the instrument is for

(This note is not part of the Order) — the explanatory note published with the instrument, © Crown copyright.

This Order extends with modifications the Iran (Sanctions) Regulations 2023 (S.I. 2023/1314) (“the Iran Regulations”) as amended from time to time to all British overseas territories except Bermuda and Gibraltar (which implement sanctions under their own legislative arrangements). Section 63(3)(c) of the Sanctions and Anti-Money Laundering Act 2018 (c. 13) (“the Sanctions Act”) provides that His Majesty may by Order in Council provide for any provision of Part 1 of that Act, or any regulations under Part 1 of that Act, to extend with or without modifications to any of the British overseas territories. Section 63(4) provides that this includes the power to extend any regulations as amended from time to time. The Iran Regulations were made under Part 1 of the Sanctions Act to establish a sanctions regime in relation to Iran for the purpose of encouraging the Government of Iran to comply with international human rights law and respect human rights and to deter Iran from conducting hostile activity against the United Kingdom and other countries. The Iran Regulations revoke and replace the Iran (Sanctions) (Human Rights) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019. The Iran Regulations, as modified and extended to the British overseas territories listed in Schedule 1 by this Order (“the modified Regulations”), provide that a person designated by the Secretary of State for being, or having been, involved in certain activities, is a designated person for the purposes of the modified Regulations. Designated persons may be excluded from an overseas territory and may be made subject to financial sanctions, including having their funds or economic resources frozen. The modified Regulations also impose trade restrictions on specified goods and technology which may be used to repress the civilian population of Iran (as specified in Schedule 2); on specified goods and technology (as specified in Schedule 3) which may be used for interception and monitoring services in Iran; and on specified goods and technology which may be used by Iran to build and improve their unmanned aerial vehicle systems (as specified in Schedule 4 to the Iran Regulations). A further trade sanction that is imposed by the modified Regulations is to prohibit the provision of interception and monitoring services to, or for the benefit of, the Government of Iran. The modified Regulations provide for certain exceptions to this sanctions regime (for example to allow for frozen accounts to be credited with interest or other earnings and to allow acts done for the purpose of national security or the prevention of serious crime). The Governor of a British overseas territory to which the modified Regulations extend may, with the consent of the Secretary of State, issue a licence in respect of activities that would otherwise be prohibited under the modified Regulations. Schedule 5 sets out the purposes under which the Governor may issue a financial sanctions licence. The modified Regulations also require the Governor of the territory to publish an up-to-date list of designated persons. The modified Regulations prescribe powers for the provision and sharing of information to enable the effective implementation and enforcement of the sanctions regime. The modified Regulations also prescribe enforcement powers in relation to suspected ships, aircraft or vehicles, and for the issue of a search warrant. The modified Regulations make it a criminal offence to contravene, or circumvent, any of the prohibitions in the modified Regulations and prescribe the penalties that apply to such offences. This Order also extends to the territories for the purposes of the modified Regulations specific provisions of Part 1 of the Sanctions Act, namely provisions relating to protection for acts done for purposes of compliance, Crown application and saving for prerogative powers. This Order revokes the Iran (Sanctions) (Overseas Territories) Order 2020 (S.I. 2020/1598). An Impact Assessment has not been prepared for this instrument: the territorial extent of the instrument and the modified Regulations is the British overseas territories listed in Schedule 1, and no, or no significant, impact is foreseen on the private, voluntary or public sectors in the United Kingdom.

Read the full note and every offence in this instrument

Other offences in the same instrument

How this was identified as an offence

Everything above rests on the judgement that this provision creates a criminal offence, rather than mentioning one. That judgement is made by rule, from the words of the provision, and this is the rule that made it — with a confidence of 0.96.

Basis
the provision says a person “commits an offence”; c06_offence_committed
Confidence
0.96 of 1.00

A provision that states a penalty for an offence created elsewhere can read very like one that creates an offence, and the rules can mistake the one for the other. If the text quoted above sets a penalty for something made an offence by another provision, treat the classification on this page with that in mind, and read the instrument.

Check the source