Obstruction offences
regulation 13 of The Sea Fish (Marketing Standards) (England and Wales and Northern Ireland) Regulations 2018
- Status not determined
- Requires proof of a state of mind
- Health and safety, environment, waste and fisheries
This offence was read from the text as made, and no revised version was available, so a later revocation could not be ruled out. Check the current text at legislation.gov.uk.
What the provision says
13 A person commits an offence if that person—
a intentionally obstructs an authorised officer exercising
a power under these Regulations;
b fails, without reasonable excuse, to give any assistance or information that the authorised officer may reasonably require for the performance of that officer’s functions under these Regulations;
c knowingly or recklessly gives false or misleading information to an authorised officer; or
d fails to produce
a label, document or record to an authorised officer when required to do so.
Text as made, from legislation.gov.uk. © Crown copyright, reused under the Open Government Licence v3.0. This is the text as originally made; later amendments are not shown here.
Who it binds, and what has to be proved
- Binds
- a person
- Conduct
- obstructing an official exercising a power
- Fault element
- Requires proof of a state of mind
- Burden of proof
- An element of the offence, for the prosecution to prove
The prosecution must prove both that the conduct happened and that it was done with the state of mind the provision names (intentionally, knowingly, knowingly or recklessly, recklessly).
“Without reasonable excuse” here is an element of the offence rather than a defence, so its absence is for the prosecution to prove (R v Charles [2009] EWCA Crim 1570).
Classifier’s reasoning: mens rea word in the offence-creating words: knowingly, intentionally, recklessly, knowingly or recklessly; qualified by reasonable excuse (an element; prosecution disproves once raised).
The defence, as drafted
fficer exercising a power under these Regulations; b fails, without reasonable excuse, to give any assistance or information that the authorised officer may reasonably require for the performance of that officer’s functions under these Regulations; c knowingly or recklessly gives false or misleading information to an authorised officer; or d f
What would breach regulation 13?
These are illustrations, not law. They are generated from the provision’s own words to show the shape of the offence. Whether any particular conduct is caught depends on the full text, on any amendment since, and on the facts.
- Refusing to let an inspector onto premises they are entitled to enter under the Sea Fish (Marketing Standards) (England and Wales and Northern Ireland) Regulations 2018.
- Sending an official away, or telling staff to say nothing, where the power being exercised does not depend on anyone's consent.
- Physically blocking an examination, or removing something an officer has said they intend to inspect.
Penalty
- Mode of trial
- Not determined
- Maximum fine
- Not determined
- Maximum prison (summary)
- Not determined
no penalty is stated in this instrument; it may be in the enabling Act, or in a general penalties provision this pass did not connect to the offence.
No penalty was determined from this instrument. It may be in the enabling Act, or in a general penalties provision this pass did not connect to the offence. Absence of a figure here is not evidence that the offence carries no penalty.
Sentencing
Offences of this kind are usually sentenced under the guidelines below. This is a mapping by subject, not a finding about this provision, and the links go to a search of the Sentencing Council’s own site.
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Sentencing organisations: fines and the means of a corporate defendant
All courts in England and Wales
How a fine on a company is arrived at from its turnover. Relevant far beyond the guidelines that state it, because a very large share of the offences in this corpus can only be committed by an organisation.
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Environmental offences: definitive guideline
Magistrates' courts and the Crown Court in England and Wales · in force from 1 July 2014
Covers unauthorised or harmful deposit, treatment or disposal of waste, illegal discharges to air, land and water, and the equivalent offences committed by organisations. It is the guideline that introduced turnover bands for corporate fines, so the size of the defendant company is a starting point rather than a mitigating detail.
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Health and safety offences, corporate manslaughter and food safety and hygiene offences: definitive guideline
Magistrates' courts and the Crown Court in England and Wales · in force from 1 February 2016
Covers breaches of duty under the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 and the regulations made under it, and food safety and food hygiene offences. Sentencing turns on culpability and on the seriousness and likelihood of harm risked, not only on the harm that happened.
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Reduction in sentence for a guilty plea: definitive guideline
All courts in England and Wales · in force from 1 June 2017
The sliding scale of credit for pleading guilty, from one third at the first stage of proceedings downwards.
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General guideline: overarching principles
All courts in England and Wales · in force from 1 October 2019
The guideline a court uses when there is no offence-specific guideline, which is the position for the overwhelming majority of offences created by statutory instrument. It sets out how culpability and harm are assessed from first principles.
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Totality: definitive guideline
All courts in England and Wales
How to sentence more than one offence at once so that the total is just and proportionate - frequently in point here, because regulatory prosecutions commonly charge several breaches of the same instrument.
Prosecution figures
No published per-offence figure was found for this provision, and it could not be matched to a Ministry of Justice offence code. Offences created by statutory instrument very largely do not have one. Absence of a figure is not evidence that the offence is unused.
Status and lifecycle
- Current status
- Status not determined
- Made
- 26 March 2018
- In force from
- 30 April 2018
- Extent
- Not stated
How this was established: read from the text as made; no revised version available, so later revocation could not be ruled out.
What the instrument is for
(This note is not part of the Regulations) — the explanatory note published with the instrument, © Crown copyright.
These Regulations enable the enforcement, in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, of EU common marketing standards for fishery products contained in— Council Regulation (EC) No. 2406/96 laying down common marketing standards for certain fishery products (OJ No. L334, 23.12.1996, p. 1); and Regulation (EU) No. 1379/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the common organisation of the markets in fishery and aquaculture products (OJ No. L 354, 28.12.2013, p. 1). These Regulations make provision for enforcement authorities in England, Wales and Northern Ireland to appoint authorised officers for the purposes of ensuring that EU common marketing standards for fisheries products are complied with (regulation 4). Authorised officers are provided with powers of entry, inspection and seizure for the purposes of investigation and inspection of relevant premises and products to identify breaches of the relevant EU requirements (regulations 5 and 7). Authorised officers are also given the power to serve compliance notices for breaches of the relevant EU requirements (regulation 8). Contravening the EU common marketing standards is an offence (regulation 12(1)). The failure to comply with a compliance notice, within the specified time, is also an offence (regulation 12(2)). The Regulations make provision for appeals against compliance notices and any refusal to serve a completion notice (regulations 10 and 11). A full impact assessment has not been produced for this instrument as no significant impact on the private, voluntary or public sectors is foreseen.
Read the full note and every offence in this instrument
How this became law
This instrument became law without a debate or a vote. Under the negative procedure it took effect unless a motion to stop it succeeded, and none was tabled.
Neither House could have amended it. A statutory instrument is put to each House as a whole thing, to be approved or not; the Houses can reject an instrument or record their regret, but they cannot change a word of it. That is the constitutional position for every offence on this site.
Other offences in the same instrument
- A person commits an offence if that person contravenes, or causes or permits a person to contravene, a…regulation 12(1)
- A person commits an offence if that person fails to comply with a compliance notice served under regulation 8regulation 12(2)
- Compliance noticesregulation 8(2)
- Compliance noticesregulation 8(2)(g)
How this was identified as an offence
Everything above rests on the judgement that this provision creates a criminal offence, rather than mentioning one. That judgement is made by rule, from the words of the provision, and this is the rule that made it — with a confidence of 0.92.
- Basis
- the provision says a person “commits an offence”
- Confidence
- 0.92 of 1.00
A provision that states a penalty for an offence created elsewhere can read very like one that creates an offence, and the rules can mistake the one for the other. If the text quoted above sets a penalty for something made an offence by another provision, treat the classification on this page with that in mind, and read the instrument.
Check the source
- This provision on legislation.gov.uk The authoritative text. Check it before relying on anything here.
- The Sea Fish (Marketing Standards) (England and Wales and Northern Ireland) Regulations 2018 Every offence this instrument creates, and its explanatory note
- Health and safety, environment, waste and fisheriesOther offences on the same subject
- Offences created in 2018