UK Offence Report

Prohibitions and approvals

regulation 26(12) of The Money Laundering, Terrorist Financing and Transfer of Funds (Information on the Payer) Regulations 2017

This offence was read from the text as made, and no revised version was available, so a later revocation could not be ruled out. Check the current text at legislation.gov.uk.

What the provision says

12 A person who, in breach of the prohibition in paragraph (1)—

a acts as

a manager or officer of

a relevant firm or as

a relevant sole practitioner; or

b is knowingly

a beneficial owner of

a relevant firm, is guilty of

a criminal offence.

Text as made, from legislation.gov.uk. © Crown copyright, reused under the Open Government Licence v3.0. This is the text as originally made; later amendments are not shown here.

Who it binds, and what has to be proved

Binds
a person
Conduct
contravening a requirement of the instrument
Fault element
Requires proof of a state of mind
Burden of proof
No statutory defence — prosecution proves everything

The prosecution must prove both that the conduct happened and that it was done with the state of mind the provision names (knowingly).

The provision states no defence, so the prosecution bears the burden on every element of the offence.

Classifier’s reasoning: mens rea word in the offence-creating words: knowingly.

What would breach regulation 26(12)?

These are illustrations, not law. They are generated from the provision’s own words to show the shape of the offence. Whether any particular conduct is caught depends on the full text, on any amendment since, and on the facts.

  1. Doing the thing the provision prohibits under the Money Laundering, Terrorist Financing and Transfer of Funds (Information on the Payer) Regulations 2017, whatever the reason for doing it.
  2. Where the requirement is a positive duty, letting the time for performing it pass without performing it.

Penalty

Mode of trial
Either way — magistrates’ court or Crown Court
Maximum fine
Unlimited
Maximum prison (summary)
3 months
Maximum prison (on indictment)
3 months

expressed as the statutory maximum (the prescribed sum): the same words mean £5,000 in England and Wales and £10,000 in Scotland.

Sentencing

Offences of this kind are usually sentenced under the guidelines below. This is a mapping by subject, not a finding about this provision, and the links go to a search of the Sentencing Council’s own site.

Prosecution figures

No published per-offence figure was found for this provision, and it could not be matched to a Ministry of Justice offence code. Offences created by statutory instrument very largely do not have one. Absence of a figure is not evidence that the offence is unused.

Status and lifecycle

Current status
Status not determined
Made
22 June 2017
In force from
26 June 2017
Extent
Not stated

How this was established: read from the text as made; no revised version available, so later revocation could not be ruled out.

What the instrument is for

(This note is not part of the Regulations) — the explanatory note published with the instrument, © Crown copyright.

These Regulations replace the Money Laundering Regulations 2007 (S.I. 2007/2157) and the Transfer of Funds (Information on the Payer) Regulations 2007 (S.I. 2007/3298) with updated provisions that implement in part the Fourth Money Laundering Directive 2015/849/EU (“fourth money laundering directive”) of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20th May 2015 on the prevention of the use of the financial system for the purpose of money laundering or terrorist financing (OJ L 141, 05.06.2015, p.73) and the Funds Transfer Regulation 2015/847/EU (“funds transfer regulation”) of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20th May 2015 on information accompanying transfers of funds (OJ L 141, 05.06.2015, p.1). Part 1 (introduction) sets out the definitions and meanings that apply throughout these Regulations, and the supervisory authorities for those persons within the scope of these Regulations. Part 2 (money laundering and terrorist financing) identifies the “relevant persons” to whom the money laundering provisions in these Regulations apply (regulations 8 to 15). Regulations 16 to 25 impose requirements for risk assessments to be carried out by the Treasury and the Home Office, the supervisory authorities and relevant persons to identify and assess the risks of money laundering and terrorist financing. They also require relevant persons to have policies, controls and procedures to mitigate and manage effectively the risks of money laundering and terrorist financing identified through the risk assessments. Regulation 26 prohibits any person from being the beneficial owner, officer or manager of certain firms or a sole practitioner unless that person has been approved by the appropriate supervisory authority. Part 3 (customer due diligence) makes provision for customer due diligence measures. Regulations 27 to 32 identify what customer due diligence measures must be undertaken by relevant persons, and when those measures must be undertaken. Regulations 33 to 36 identify when enhanced customer due diligence measures must be applied by the relevant person in addition to the general customer due diligence measures required by regulations 27 to 32 and make provision in relation to the duties provided for in section 30 of the Bank of England and Financial Services Act 2016 (c.14), and section 333U of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (c.8). Regulations 37 to 38 identify when simplified customer due diligence measures may be applied by the relevant person (regulation 37) and what customer due diligence measures are required in relation to electronic money (regulation 38). Simplified customer due diligence measures are customer due diligence measures that may be adjusted by the relevant person provided there is sufficient monitoring in place to detect any unusual or suspicious transactions. Part 4 (reliance and record keeping) sets out the circumstances in which a relevant person may rely on another person to apply customer due diligence measures (regulation 39). It also makes provision as to which records relevant persons are required to keep, and when they are to be deleted (regulation 40), and clarifies the requirements as to data protection (regulation 41). Part 5 (beneficial ownership information) applies to UK bodies corporate and to trustees. It requires trustees to inform the relevant person of their status, and corporate bodies and trustees to provide specified information to a relevant person in certain circumstances and to provide information to law enforcement authorities (regulations 43 and 44). The trustee is under additional requirements to provide certain information to the Commissioners for Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs (“the Commissioners”) in certain circumstances. The Commissioners are under a requirement to hold the information that has been received from the trustee in a register (regulation 45). Part 6 (money laundering and terrorist financing: supervision and registration) makes provision in relation to supervisory authorities and the registration of certain relevant persons. Regulations 46 to 52 provide for duties on supervisory authorities in relation to their own sector (regulations 46, 47 and 48). The self-regulatory organisations listed in Schedule 1 to the Regulations are subject to additional duties (regulation 49). All supervisory authorities are subject to a duty to cooperate with other supervisory authorities, the Treasury, law enforcement authorities and overseas authorities (regulation 50), and a duty to collect information (regulation 51). Provision is made for the circumstances in which a supervisory authority may disclose information it holds for supervisory purposes (regulation 52). Regulations 53 to 60 require the Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”) and the Commissioners to maintain registers of certain relevant persons, and impose corresponding requirements on relevant persons to apply for registration. The FCA and the Commissioners have powers to suspend or cancel the registration of a relevant person in certain circumstances (regulation 60). If a relevant person in the relevant categories is not included in the register, that relevant person may not pursue their business (regulation 56). Part 7 (transfer of funds (information on the payer) regulations) sets out the transfer of funds supervisory authorities for a payment service provider and the duties of the authorities (regulations 61 to 64). There are only two transfer of funds supervisory authorities for service providers: the FCA and the Commissioners. Part 8 (information and investigation) gives supervisory authorities (including transfer of funds supervisory authorities) information gathering powers (regulations 65 to 68), gives the FCA and the Commissioners further investigatory powers (regulations 69 to 70) and makes provision for the way in which the powers in Part 8 may be exercised (regulations 71 to 73). The local weights and measures authority and the Department for the Economy may exercise the powers under Part 8 pursuant to arrangements made for the purposes of these Regulations with the FCA or with the Commissioners (regulation 74). Part 9 (enforcement) identifies “relevant requirements” for the purpose of these Regulations (regulation 75 and Schedule 6 to the Regulations) and gives the FCA and the Commissioners powers to impose civil penalties on any person who has contravened a relevant requirement (regulations 76 to 85). Regulations 86 to 92 provide for criminal offences where a person has contravened a relevant requirement (regulation 86); prejudiced an investigation (regulation 87) or provided false or misleading information to any person in purported compliance with a requirement imposed by or under these Regulations (regulation 88), and make provision in relation to criminal proceedings (regulations 89 to 92). Part 10 (appeals) provides for an appeal from a decision by the FCA under these Regulations (regulation 93), and for reviews and appeals in relation to decisions of the Commissioners (regulations 94 to 100). Part 11 (miscellaneous provisions) among other things ensures that charges or penalties imposed by the FCA or the Commissioners may be recovered as a debt in civil proceedings (regulation 101), ensures that the FCA and Commissioners are able to recover the costs of their supervision or enforcement action (regulation 102) and imposes obligations on various public authorities to disclose any suspicions they may have of money laundering or terrorist financing (regulation 103). A Transposition Note setting out how the fourth money laundering directive and the funds transfer regulation will be transposed in UK law is published with the Explanatory Memorandum with these Regulations on legislation.gov.uk. A full regulatory impact statement of the effect that this instrument will have on the costs of business and the voluntary sector will be published when an opinion has been received from the Regulatory Policy Committee. Copies of the Transposition Note are available from HM Treasury at 1 Horse Guards Road, London SW1A 2HQ. Copies of the Impact Assessment will be available from HM Treasury when it is published.

Read the full note and every offence in this instrument

How this became law

This instrument became law without a vote to approve it. A non-fatal motion to object was tabled, which records disapproval without stopping the instrument.

Neither House could have amended it. A statutory instrument is put to each House as a whole thing, to be approved or not; the Houses can reject an instrument or record their regret, but they cannot change a word of it. That is the constitutional position for every offence on this site.

The full procedural history →

What Parliament said

Mentions of this instrument in Hansard. Parliamentary material is reused under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0.

Other offences in the same instrument

How this was identified as an offence

Everything above rests on the judgement that this provision creates a criminal offence, rather than mentioning one. That judgement is made by rule, from the words of the provision, and this is the rule that made it — with a confidence of 0.92.

Basis
the provision says a person is “guilty of an offence”
Confidence
0.92 of 1.00

A provision that states a penalty for an offence created elsewhere can read very like one that creates an offence, and the rules can mistake the one for the other. If the text quoted above sets a penalty for something made an offence by another provision, treat the classification on this page with that in mind, and read the instrument.

Check the source