Obstruction etc.
article 10 of The Sea Fishing (Enforcement of Community Control Measures) Order 1994
- Revoked
- Requires proof of a state of mind
- Either way
- Health and safety, environment, waste and fisheries
The provision has been revoked and no saving provision preserving liability for earlier conduct was found.
What the provision says
10 Any person who— a fails without reasonable excuse to comply with any requirement imposed by a British sea-fishery officer under the powers conferred on him by virtue of article 6, 7 or 8 of this Order; b without reasonable excuse prevents any other person from complying with any such requirement; or c intentionally obstructs any such officer who is exercising any of those powers, shall be guilty of an offence, and liable— i on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum; or ii on conviction on indictment to a fine.
Text as made, from legislation.gov.uk. © Crown copyright, reused under the Open Government Licence v3.0. This is the text as originally made; later amendments are not shown here.
Who it binds, and what has to be proved
- Binds
- a person
- Conduct
- obstructing an official exercising a power
- Fault element
- Requires proof of a state of mind
- Burden of proof
- An element of the offence, for the prosecution to prove
The prosecution must prove both that the conduct happened and that it was done with the state of mind the provision names (intentionally).
“Without reasonable excuse” here is an element of the offence rather than a defence, so its absence is for the prosecution to prove (R v Charles [2009] EWCA Crim 1570).
Classifier’s reasoning: mens rea word in the offence-creating words: intentionally; qualified by reasonable excuse (an element; prosecution disproves once raised).
The defence, as drafted
10 Any person who— a fails without reasonable excuse to comply with any requirement imposed by a British sea-fishery officer under the powers conferred on him by virtue of article 6, 7 or 8 of this Order; b without reasonable excuse prevents any other person from complying with any such requirement; or c intent
What would breach article 10?
These are illustrations, not law. They are generated from the provision’s own words to show the shape of the offence. Whether any particular conduct is caught depends on the full text, on any amendment since, and on the facts.
- Refusing to let an inspector onto premises they are entitled to enter under the Sea Fishing (Enforcement of Community Control Measures) Order 1994.
- Sending an official away, or telling staff to say nothing, where the power being exercised does not depend on anyone's consent.
- Physically blocking an examination, or removing something an officer has said they intend to inspect.
Penalty
- Mode of trial
- Either way — magistrates’ court or Crown Court
- Maximum fine
- Unlimited
- Maximum prison (summary)
- Not determined
'to a fine' with no stated maximum.
Sentencing
Offences of this kind are usually sentenced under the guidelines below. This is a mapping by subject, not a finding about this provision, and the links go to a search of the Sentencing Council’s own site.
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Sentencing organisations: fines and the means of a corporate defendant
All courts in England and Wales
How a fine on a company is arrived at from its turnover. Relevant far beyond the guidelines that state it, because a very large share of the offences in this corpus can only be committed by an organisation.
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Environmental offences: definitive guideline
Magistrates' courts and the Crown Court in England and Wales · in force from 1 July 2014
Covers unauthorised or harmful deposit, treatment or disposal of waste, illegal discharges to air, land and water, and the equivalent offences committed by organisations. It is the guideline that introduced turnover bands for corporate fines, so the size of the defendant company is a starting point rather than a mitigating detail.
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Health and safety offences, corporate manslaughter and food safety and hygiene offences: definitive guideline
Magistrates' courts and the Crown Court in England and Wales · in force from 1 February 2016
Covers breaches of duty under the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 and the regulations made under it, and food safety and food hygiene offences. Sentencing turns on culpability and on the seriousness and likelihood of harm risked, not only on the harm that happened.
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Imposition of community and custodial sentences: definitive guideline
All courts in England and Wales
When a community order or custody is justified at all, and the presumption against short custodial sentences.
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Reduction in sentence for a guilty plea: definitive guideline
All courts in England and Wales · in force from 1 June 2017
The sliding scale of credit for pleading guilty, from one third at the first stage of proceedings downwards.
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General guideline: overarching principles
All courts in England and Wales · in force from 1 October 2019
The guideline a court uses when there is no offence-specific guideline, which is the position for the overwhelming majority of offences created by statutory instrument. It sets out how culpability and harm are assessed from first principles.
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Totality: definitive guideline
All courts in England and Wales
How to sentence more than one offence at once so that the total is just and proportionate - frequently in point here, because regulatory prosecutions commonly charge several breaches of the same instrument.
Prosecution figures
No published per-offence figure was found for this provision, and it could not be matched to a Ministry of Justice offence code. Offences created by statutory instrument very largely do not have one. Absence of a figure is not evidence that the offence is unused.
Status and lifecycle
- Current status
- Revoked
- Revoked by
- The Sea Fishing (Enforcement of Community Control Measures) (Wales) Order 2000 (revoked)
- Revoked on
- 1 April 2000
- Made
- 28 February 1994
- In force from
- 22 March 1994
- Extent
- Not stated
How this was established: the instrument was revoked by a later instrument found in this corpus.
What the instrument is for
(This note is not part of the Order) — the explanatory note published with the instrument, © Crown copyright.
This Order revokes the Sea Fishing (Enforcement of Community Control Measures) Order 1993. It re-enacts those Community provisions relating to logbooks, actions to facilitate boarding, provision of boarding ladder and use of communications equipment and operator thereof (articles 3 and 4 of, and paragraphs 1 to 4 of the Schedule to, the Order). Additional provisions, set out in the Schedule to the Order, which provide for the enforcement of Council Regulation (EEC) 2847/93 (“the Council Regulation”) establishing a control system applicable to the Common Fisheries Policy are— 1 requirements for Community fishing boats to give at least two hours advance notice of time and place of landing and quantities of species to be landed (Article 7 of the Council Regulation); 2 requirement to submit landing declaration (Article 8.1 of the Council Regulation); 3 requirement to submit sales note by the first seller or buyer (Article 9 of the Council Regulation); 4 requirement for third country fishing boats to give at least 72 hours advance notice of time and place of landing (Article 10.1 of the Council Regulation); 5 requirement to notify details of trans-shipments (Articles 11 and 12 of the Council Regulation); 6 requirement on the transporter carrying fisheries products in a vehicle to provide a transportation document (Article 13 of the Council Regulation); 7 requirement to keep logbooks, submit landing declarations and details of trans-shipments of catches outside Community waters (Article 17.2 of the Council Regulation); 8 requirement to stow nets (Article 20.1 of the Council Regulation); 9 prohibitions which apply on exhaustion of quota (Article 21 of the Council Regulation). Offences for contravention of these Community provisions are to be found in articles 3 and 4 of, and paragraph 5 of the Schedule to, the Order. For the purpose of enforcing the Community provisions specified in the Schedule, this Order confers on British sea-fishery officers powers to enter premises, to go on board fishing boats, to stop and search vehicles transporting fish, to examine fish, to require the production of documents, to search for and seize documents, to take a boat to the nearest convenient port and to seize fish and fishing gear (articles 6, 7 and 8 of the Order). Provision is also made for the prosecution of offenders and for the punishment of anyone found guilty of furnishing false information or obstructing a British sea-fishery officer (articles 3(1) and (2) and 10 of the Order). The maximum penalties specified for such offences, and for offences relating to the Community provisions specified in the Schedule correspond, in the case of offences equivalent to those under the Sea Fish (Conservation) Act 1967 (c. 84), and the Sea Fisheries Act 1968 (c. 77), both as amended by the Fisheries Act 1981 (c. 29), to the penalties imposed for such offences by those Acts (articles 4 and 10 of the Order). The statutory maximum penalty specified in the Schedule is currently £5,000. The Order provides powers for the recovery of fines imposed by a magistrates' court in England and Wales or Northern Ireland, or in Scotland by a sheriff (article 5 of the Order). The Compliance Cost Assessment relating to this Order is available in the library of each House of Parliament. A copy of it can be obtained from Fisheries IV Division of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Room 432, Nobel House, 17 Smith Square, London SW1P 3JR.
Read the full note and every offence in this instrument
Other offences in the same instrument
- Where there is, in respect of— a any British fishing boat wherever it may be; or b any other fishing boat…article 3(1)
- Any of the following persons who contravenes, or fails to comply with, any of the provisions of Regulation…article 3(2)
- Any person who in purported compliance with article 5 of Regulation 2241/87 or articles 6 to 13, 17.2 or 21…article 3(3)
How this was identified as an offence
Everything above rests on the judgement that this provision creates a criminal offence, rather than mentioning one. That judgement is made by rule, from the words of the provision, and this is the rule that made it — with a confidence of 0.92.
- Basis
- the provision says a person is “guilty of an offence”
- Confidence
- 0.92 of 1.00
A provision that states a penalty for an offence created elsewhere can read very like one that creates an offence, and the rules can mistake the one for the other. If the text quoted above sets a penalty for something made an offence by another provision, treat the classification on this page with that in mind, and read the instrument.
Check the source
- This provision on legislation.gov.uk The authoritative text. Check it before relying on anything here.
- The Sea Fishing (Enforcement of Community Control Measures) Order 1994 Every offence this instrument creates, and its explanatory note
- Health and safety, environment, waste and fisheriesOther offences on the same subject
- Offences created in 1994