UK Offence Report

Restoration where order contravened

regulation 26(5) of The Conservation (Natural Habitats, &c.) Regulations 1994

This offence was read from the text as made, and no revised version was available, so a later revocation could not be ruled out. Check the current text at legislation.gov.uk.

What the provision says

5 If a person fails without reasonable excuse to comply with an order under this regulation, he commits an offence and is liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 5 on the standard scale; and if the failure continues after conviction, he may be proceeded against for a further offence from time to time until the order is complied with.

Text as made, from legislation.gov.uk. © Crown copyright, reused under the Open Government Licence v3.0. This is the text as originally made; later amendments are not shown here.

Who it binds, and what has to be proved

Binds
a person
Conduct
breaching the provision
Fault element
Strict liability
Burden of proof
An element of the offence, for the prosecution to prove

The prosecution must prove that the conduct happened. This is a strict liability offence as drafted: the provision uses no word of intention, knowledge, recklessness or negligence, so there is no need to show that a person meant to do it, knew about it, or was careless.

Intention, knowledge and carelessness are irrelevant to guilt. They may still matter a great deal to sentence.

“Without reasonable excuse” here is an element of the offence rather than a defence, so its absence is for the prosecution to prove (R v Charles [2009] EWCA Crim 1570).

Classifier’s reasoning: no word of intention, knowledge, recklessness or negligence in the offence or its provision; qualified by reasonable excuse (an element; prosecution disproves once raised).

The defence, as drafted

5 If a person fails without reasonable excuse to comply with an order under this regulation, he commits an offence and is liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 5 on the standard scale; and if the failure continues after conviction, he may be proceeded against for a further offence fr

What would breach regulation 26(5)?

These are illustrations, not law. They are generated from the provision’s own words to show the shape of the offence. Whether any particular conduct is caught depends on the full text, on any amendment since, and on the facts.

  1. Doing what the provision prohibits, or failing to do what it requires under the Conservation (Natural Habitats, &c.) Regulations 1994.

Penalty

Mode of trial
Either way — magistrates’ court or Crown Court
Maximum fine
£5,000
Standard scale
Level 5
Maximum prison (summary)
Not determined

this is the level 5 value when the instrument came into force (1994-10-30); the standard scale is keyed to the date the offence was committed, and for conduct today the same words mean an unlimited fine.

Sentencing

Offences of this kind are usually sentenced under the guidelines below. This is a mapping by subject, not a finding about this provision, and the links go to a search of the Sentencing Council’s own site.

Prosecution figures

No published per-offence figure was found for this provision, and it could not be matched to a Ministry of Justice offence code. Offences created by statutory instrument very largely do not have one. Absence of a figure is not evidence that the offence is unused.

Status and lifecycle

Current status
Status not determined
Made
20 October 1994
In force from
30 October 1994
Extent
Not stated

How this was established: read from the text as made; no revised version available, so later revocation could not be ruled out.

What the instrument is for

(This note is not part of the Regulations) — the explanatory note published with the instrument, © Crown copyright.

These Regulations make provision for implementing Council Directive 92/43/EEC on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora. Part I contains introductory provisions. Part II provides for the conservation of natural habitats and habitats of species, and in particular– regulations 7 to 15 make provision for the selection, registration and notification of sites to be protected under the Directive (“European sites”); regulations 16 and 17 make provision for management agreements for European sites; regulations 18 to 27 make provision in respect of European sites for the control of damaging operations and for special nature conservation orders; regulations 28 to 32 make provision for byelaws and compulsory purchase orders as respects European sites; and regulations 33 to 36 make special provision for the protection of European marine sites. Part III provides for the protection of certain wild animals and plants and in particular– regulation 39 makes it an offence, subject to certain exceptions, deliberately to capture, kill or disturb those animals or to trade in them; and regulation 43 makes it an offence, subject to certain exceptions, to pick, collect, cut, uproot or destroy those plants or to trade in them. Part IV makes provision for the adaptation of planning and certain other controls for the protection of European sites; in particular– regulations 48, 49 and 54 require the effect on a European site to be considered before a grant of planning permission and, subject to certain exceptions, restrict the grant of planning permission where the integrity of the European site would be adversely affected; regulations 50 and 51 and 55 to 58 require planning permissions granted before the date on which a site becomes a European site (or if later, the commencement of these Regulations) to be reviewed and in certain circumstances revoked where the integrity of the site would be adversely affected. Equivalent provision for the requirement to consider the effect on a European site and for review is made as respects the construction or improvement of highways, roads or cycle tracks (regulations 69 and 70), consents under the Electricity Act 1989 (regulations 71 to 74), authorisations under the Pipe–lines Act 1962 (regulations 75 to 78), orders under the Transport and Works Act 1992 (regulations 79 to 82), authorisations and licences under the Environmental Protection Act 1990 (regulations 83 and 84) and discharge consents under water pollution legislation (regulation 85). Regulations 60 to 67 make special provision as respects general and special development orders, simplified planning zones and enterprise zones.

Read the full note and every offence in this instrument

What Parliament said

Mentions of this instrument in Hansard. Parliamentary material is reused under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0.

Other offences in the same instrument

How this was identified as an offence

Everything above rests on the judgement that this provision creates a criminal offence, rather than mentioning one. That judgement is made by rule, from the words of the provision, and this is the rule that made it — with a confidence of 0.92.

Basis
the provision says a person “commits an offence”; the provision states liability on summary conviction
Confidence
0.92 of 1.00

A provision that states a penalty for an offence created elsewhere can read very like one that creates an offence, and the rules can mistake the one for the other. If the text quoted above sets a penalty for something made an offence by another provision, treat the classification on this page with that in mind, and read the instrument.

Check the source