Exception as to liability
regulation 37 of The Gas Safety (Installation and Use) Regulations 1994
- Status not determined
- Strict liability
- Energy, communications, water and utilities
This offence was read from the text as made, and no revised version was available, so a later revocation could not be ruled out. Check the current text at legislation.gov.uk.
What the provision says
37 No person shall be guilty of an offence by reason of contravention of regulation 3(2) or (5), 5(1), 7(3), 15, 16(2) or (3), 17, 30, 33(1) or
35 in any case in which he can show that he took all reasonable steps to prevent that contravention.
Text as made, from legislation.gov.uk. © Crown copyright, reused under the Open Government Licence v3.0. This is the text as originally made; later amendments are not shown here.
Who it binds, and what has to be proved
- Binds
- a person
- Conduct
- contravening a requirement of the instrument
- Fault element
- Strict liability
- Burden of proof
- No statutory defence — prosecution proves everything
The prosecution must prove that the conduct happened. This is a strict liability offence as drafted: the provision uses no word of intention, knowledge, recklessness or negligence, so there is no need to show that a person meant to do it, knew about it, or was careless.
Intention, knowledge and carelessness are irrelevant to guilt. They may still matter a great deal to sentence.
The provision states no defence, so the prosecution bears the burden on every element of the offence.
Classifier’s reasoning: no word of intention, knowledge, recklessness or negligence in the offence or its provision.
What would breach regulation 37?
These are illustrations, not law. They are generated from the provision’s own words to show the shape of the offence. Whether any particular conduct is caught depends on the full text, on any amendment since, and on the facts.
- Doing the thing the provision prohibits under the Gas Safety (Installation and Use) Regulations 1994, whatever the reason for doing it.
- Where the requirement is a positive duty, letting the time for performing it pass without performing it.
Penalty
- Mode of trial
- Not determined
- Maximum fine
- Not determined
- Maximum prison (summary)
- Not determined
no penalty is stated in this instrument; it may be in the enabling Act, or in a general penalties provision this pass did not connect to the offence.
No penalty was determined from this instrument. It may be in the enabling Act, or in a general penalties provision this pass did not connect to the offence. Absence of a figure here is not evidence that the offence carries no penalty.
Sentencing
Offences of this kind are usually sentenced under the guidelines below. This is a mapping by subject, not a finding about this provision, and the links go to a search of the Sentencing Council’s own site.
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Environmental offences: definitive guideline
Magistrates' courts and the Crown Court in England and Wales · in force from 1 July 2014
Covers unauthorised or harmful deposit, treatment or disposal of waste, illegal discharges to air, land and water, and the equivalent offences committed by organisations. It is the guideline that introduced turnover bands for corporate fines, so the size of the defendant company is a starting point rather than a mitigating detail.
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Health and safety offences, corporate manslaughter and food safety and hygiene offences: definitive guideline
Magistrates' courts and the Crown Court in England and Wales · in force from 1 February 2016
Covers breaches of duty under the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 and the regulations made under it, and food safety and food hygiene offences. Sentencing turns on culpability and on the seriousness and likelihood of harm risked, not only on the harm that happened.
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Reduction in sentence for a guilty plea: definitive guideline
All courts in England and Wales · in force from 1 June 2017
The sliding scale of credit for pleading guilty, from one third at the first stage of proceedings downwards.
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General guideline: overarching principles
All courts in England and Wales · in force from 1 October 2019
The guideline a court uses when there is no offence-specific guideline, which is the position for the overwhelming majority of offences created by statutory instrument. It sets out how culpability and harm are assessed from first principles.
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Totality: definitive guideline
All courts in England and Wales
How to sentence more than one offence at once so that the total is just and proportionate - frequently in point here, because regulatory prosecutions commonly charge several breaches of the same instrument.
Prosecution figures
No published per-offence figure was found for this provision, and it could not be matched to a Ministry of Justice offence code. Offences created by statutory instrument very largely do not have one. Absence of a figure is not evidence that the offence is unused.
Status and lifecycle
- Current status
- Status not determined
- Made
- 15 July 1994
- In force from
- 31 October 1994
- Extent
- Not stated
How this was established: read from the text as made; no revised version available, so later revocation could not be ruled out.
What the instrument is for
(This note is not part of the Regulations) — the explanatory note published with the instrument, © Crown copyright.
These Regulations re-enact the Gas Safety (Installation and Use) Regulations 1984 (“the 1984 Regulations”) with amendments. The 1984 Regulations imposed requirements only as to the installation and use of gas fittings for the purpose of protecting the public from risks arising from the use of gas supplied through pipes. In addition to minor and drafting amendments, these Regulations make the following changes of substance:— The scope of the Regulations is extended to all dangers arising from the transmission, distribution, supply or use of gas conveyed from a gas storage vessel (regulation 2(3)) other than in relation to the supply of gas to, or anything in respect of a gas fitting on, specified vessels and vehicles (regulation 2(5)). The Regulations are no longer applied to agricultural premises and temporary installations used in connection with any building operation or work of engineering construction except in relation to any part of such premises used for domestic or residential purposes or as sleeping accommodation and except in relation to regulation 36 (escape of gas) (regulation 2(4)). The Regulations also contain new provisions which— prohibit any person from falsely pretending to be a member of a class of persons required to be approved by the Health and Safety Executive for the purpose of carrying out any work in relation to a gas fitting (regulation 3(6)); require employers and self-employed persons to take steps to ensure that any work in relation to a gas fitting carried out at any place of work under their control is undertaken by specified persons (regulation 4); require safety precautions to be taken in respect of gas storage vessels and specified appliances fuelled by liquefied petroleum gas (regulation 6(7) to (9)); impose restrictions upon the type of gas appliance that may be installed in sleeping accommodation (regulation 30(2) and (3)); impose requirements upon employers and self-employed persons with regard to the maintenance of gas appliances and installation pipework installed at any place of work under their control (regulation 35(1)); impose requirements upon persons who let premises— with regard to the maintenance of gas appliances and installation pipework owned by them on those premises (regulation 35(2) and (3)(a)); and with regard to the keeping of records in respect of any appliance required to be so maintained (regulation 35(3)(b) and (4)); impose upon a non-public gas supplier specified duties in respect of the escape of gas (regulation 36(1) and (5) to (7)); extend exception as to liability to specified provisions of the Regulations (regulation 37). The Regulations revoke the 1984 Regulations and the Gas Safety (Installation and Use) (Amendment) Regulations 1990 (regulation 39).
Read the full note and every offence in this instrument
What Parliament said
Mentions of this instrument in Hansard. Parliamentary material is reused under the Open Parliament Licence v3.0.
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Gas Bill
Lords · 28 June 1995 · Lord Inglewood
The question of industry codes of practice overseen by the Director-General of Fair Trading is an interesting one. To date, the gas appliance industry has not produced such a code of practice, perhaps because the nature of the market allows consumers to choose effectively and because of the large numbers of small firms in the repair sector. The decision is, however, one for the gas appliance industry, and we are…
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Gas Fitters: Qualifications
Lords · 7 March 1996 · The Minister of State, Department of the Environment (Earl Ferrers)
My Lords, the Gas Safety (Installation and Use) Regulations 1994 require that anyone who works on a gas fitting must he competent to do so. The regulations also require that gas installation businesses which undertake gas work in domestic or most commercial premises must belong to a body which is approved by the Health and Safety Executive. The Council for Registered Gas Installers (otherwise known as CORGI) has…
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Health And Safety
Commons · 26 March 1996 · Ms Ann Coffey (Stockport)
I am pleased to take the opportunity that this debate offers to raise some of my concerns about the operation of the Gas Safety (Installation and Use) Regulations 1994. Greater Manchester has the highest student population in Europe. It also has a high number of houses in multiple occupation—often old houses converted into flats and bedsits. Students occupy the worst of this accommodation. Unlike other low income…
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Duty To Provide Gas Safety Certificates
Commons · 29 April 1996 · The Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for the Environment (Mr. James Clappison)
I will deal later, if I may, with the point raised by the hon. Member for Birmingham, Northfield (Mr. Burden) about fire escapes. I wish to deal first with the important contribution by the hon. Member for Christchurch (Mrs. Maddock). Gas safety is a very important subject and I have much sympathy with the underlying concern expressed by the hon. Lady about promoting safety. I also understand the concerns expressed…
How this was identified as an offence
Everything above rests on the judgement that this provision creates a criminal offence, rather than mentioning one. That judgement is made by rule, from the words of the provision, and this is the rule that made it — with a confidence of 0.92.
- Basis
- the provision says a person is “guilty of an offence”
- Confidence
- 0.92 of 1.00
A provision that states a penalty for an offence created elsewhere can read very like one that creates an offence, and the rules can mistake the one for the other. If the text quoted above sets a penalty for something made an offence by another provision, treat the classification on this page with that in mind, and read the instrument.
Check the source
- This provision on legislation.gov.uk The authoritative text. Check it before relying on anything here.
- The Gas Safety (Installation and Use) Regulations 1994 Every offence this instrument creates, and its explanatory note
- Energy, communications, water and utilitiesOther offences on the same subject
- Offences created in 1994