Offences by bodies corporate
regulation 14(1)(b) of The Diseases of Fish (Control) Regulations 1994
- Revoked
- Strict liability
- Summary only
- Health and safety, environment, waste and fisheries
The provision has been revoked and no saving provision preserving liability for earlier conduct was found.
What the provision says
b any person who was purporting to act in such capacity, he, as well as the body corporate, shall be guilty of an offence and be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly.
Text as made, from legislation.gov.uk. © Crown copyright, reused under the Open Government Licence v3.0. This is the text as originally made; later amendments are not shown here.
Who it binds, and what has to be proved
- Binds
- a person
- Conduct
- breaching the provision
- Fault element
- Strict liability
- Burden of proof
- No statutory defence — prosecution proves everything
The prosecution must prove that the conduct happened. This is a strict liability offence as drafted: the provision uses no word of intention, knowledge, recklessness or negligence, so there is no need to show that a person meant to do it, knew about it, or was careless.
Intention, knowledge and carelessness are irrelevant to guilt. They may still matter a great deal to sentence.
The provision states no defence, so the prosecution bears the burden on every element of the offence.
Classifier’s reasoning: no word of intention, knowledge, recklessness or negligence in the offence or its provision.
What would breach regulation 14(1)(b)?
These are illustrations, not law. They are generated from the provision’s own words to show the shape of the offence. Whether any particular conduct is caught depends on the full text, on any amendment since, and on the facts.
- On these words an offence is committed where a person was purporting to act in such capacity, he, as well as the body corporate.
- Doing what the provision prohibits, or failing to do what it requires under the Diseases of Fish (Control) Regulations 1994.
Penalty
- Mode of trial
- Summary only — tried in a magistrates’ court
- Maximum fine
- £5,000
- Standard scale
- Level 5
- Maximum prison (summary)
- Not determined
this is the level 5 value when the instrument came into force (1994-07-01); the standard scale is keyed to the date the offence was committed, and for conduct today the same words mean an unlimited fine.
Sentencing
Offences of this kind are usually sentenced under the guidelines below. This is a mapping by subject, not a finding about this provision, and the links go to a search of the Sentencing Council’s own site.
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Sentencing organisations: fines and the means of a corporate defendant
All courts in England and Wales
How a fine on a company is arrived at from its turnover. Relevant far beyond the guidelines that state it, because a very large share of the offences in this corpus can only be committed by an organisation.
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Environmental offences: definitive guideline
Magistrates' courts and the Crown Court in England and Wales · in force from 1 July 2014
Covers unauthorised or harmful deposit, treatment or disposal of waste, illegal discharges to air, land and water, and the equivalent offences committed by organisations. It is the guideline that introduced turnover bands for corporate fines, so the size of the defendant company is a starting point rather than a mitigating detail.
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Health and safety offences, corporate manslaughter and food safety and hygiene offences: definitive guideline
Magistrates' courts and the Crown Court in England and Wales · in force from 1 February 2016
Covers breaches of duty under the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 and the regulations made under it, and food safety and food hygiene offences. Sentencing turns on culpability and on the seriousness and likelihood of harm risked, not only on the harm that happened.
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Reduction in sentence for a guilty plea: definitive guideline
All courts in England and Wales · in force from 1 June 2017
The sliding scale of credit for pleading guilty, from one third at the first stage of proceedings downwards.
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General guideline: overarching principles
All courts in England and Wales · in force from 1 October 2019
The guideline a court uses when there is no offence-specific guideline, which is the position for the overwhelming majority of offences created by statutory instrument. It sets out how culpability and harm are assessed from first principles.
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Totality: definitive guideline
All courts in England and Wales
How to sentence more than one offence at once so that the total is just and proportionate - frequently in point here, because regulatory prosecutions commonly charge several breaches of the same instrument.
Prosecution figures
No published per-offence figure was found for this provision, and it could not be matched to a Ministry of Justice offence code. Offences created by statutory instrument very largely do not have one. Absence of a figure is not evidence that the offence is unused.
Status and lifecycle
- Current status
- Revoked
- Revoked by
- The Aquatic Animal Health (England and Wales) Regulations 2009
- Made
- 26 May 1994
- In force from
- 1 July 1994
- Extent
- Not stated
How this was established: the instrument was revoked by a later instrument found in this corpus.
What the instrument is for
(This Note is not part of the Regulations) — the explanatory note published with the instrument, © Crown copyright.
These Regulations which apply to Great Britain, implement Council Directive 93/53 EEC (OJ No. L 175, 19.7.93, p. 23) (“the Directive”) introducing minimum Community measures for the control of certain fish diseases. The Regulations— a require that an official census be kept of the fish populations on farms which are suspected of being infected (regulation 3); b set out the control measures to be taken when the presence of a disease in Part I of Schedule 3 is suspected (regulation 4); c set out the control measures to be taken when the presence of a disease in Part I of Schedule 3 is confirmed (regulation 5); d set out the control measures to be taken when the presence of a disease listed in Part II of Schedule 3 is suspected in an approved zone or on an approved farm in a non-approved zone (regulation 6); e set out the control measures to be taken when the presence of a disease listed in Part II of Schedule 3 is confirmed in an approved zone or on an approved farm in a non-approved zone (regulation 7); f set out the control measures to be taken when a disease listed in Part II of Schedule 3 is suspected in a non-approved farm in a non-approved zone (regulation 8); g set out the control measures to be taken when a disease listed in Schedule 3 is discovered amongst fish in the wild (regulation 9); h prohibit the vaccination of fish against diseases (regulation 10); i provide powers for the enforcement of these Regulations including powers of entry (regulations 11 to 14); j provide that contravention of, or failure to comply with a provision of the Regulations shall be an offence punishable by a fine not exceeding level 5 on the standard scale (regulation 15); k provide for the amendment of the Registration of Fish Farming and Shellfish Farming Businesses Order 1985 in accordance with the provisions of Schedule 5 (regulation 16). A compliance cost assessment has been prepared in relation to these Regulations and deposited in the libraries of both Houses of Parliament. Copies may be obtained from: Salmon, Whaling and Inland Fisheries Division Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Room 607, Nobel House 17 Smith Square London SW1P 3JR.
Read the full note and every offence in this instrument
Other offences in the same instrument
- A person contravening any provision of these Regulations or any notice served under them shall be guilty of…regulation 15(1)
How this was identified as an offence
Everything above rests on the judgement that this provision creates a criminal offence, rather than mentioning one. That judgement is made by rule, from the words of the provision, and this is the rule that made it — with a confidence of 0.92.
- Basis
- the provision says a person is “guilty of an offence”
- Confidence
- 0.92 of 1.00
A provision that states a penalty for an offence created elsewhere can read very like one that creates an offence, and the rules can mistake the one for the other. If the text quoted above sets a penalty for something made an offence by another provision, treat the classification on this page with that in mind, and read the instrument.
Check the source
- This provision on legislation.gov.uk The authoritative text. Check it before relying on anything here.
- The Diseases of Fish (Control) Regulations 1994 Every offence this instrument creates, and its explanatory note
- Health and safety, environment, waste and fisheriesOther offences on the same subject
- Offences created in 1994