Offences and enforcement
regulation 9(1) of Aflatoxins in Nuts, Nut Products, Dried Figs and Dried Fig Products Regulations 1992
- Revoked
- Requires proof of a state of mind
- Either way
- Food, consumer protection, trading standards, product safety and age-restricted sales
The provision has been revoked and no saving provision preserving liability for earlier conduct was found.
What the provision says
1 Any person who— a imports a consignment of nuts, nut products, dried figs and dried fig products or any of them in contravention of any requirement imposed by or under these Regulations or sells any nut, nut product, dried fig or dried fig product from a consignment that has been so imported, or b makes a consumer sale of any nut, nut product, dried fig, dried fig product or any of them in contravention of any requirement imposed by or under these Regulations, or c in dealing with a consignment of nuts, nut products, dried figs and dried fig products or any of them, does not do so in accordance with a requirement imposed by or under these Regulations in relation to such dealing, or d uses a document which he knows to be false in a material particular or recklessly makes a statement or uses a document which is false in a material particular in connection with the importation of a consignment of nuts, nut products, dried figs, dried fig products or any of them, or e uses a document which he knows to be false in a material particular or recklessly makes a statement or uses a document which is false in a material particular in connection with the consumer sale of nuts, nut products, dried figs, dried fig products or any of them, shall be guilty of an offence and liable— i on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum, or ii on conviction on indictment to a fine.
Text as made, from legislation.gov.uk. © Crown copyright, reused under the Open Government Licence v3.0. This is the text as originally made; later amendments are not shown here.
Who it binds, and what has to be proved
- Binds
- a person
- Conduct
- making a false or misleading statement
- Fault element
- Requires proof of a state of mind
- Burden of proof
- No statutory defence — prosecution proves everything
The prosecution must prove both that the conduct happened and that it was done with the state of mind the provision names (recklessly).
The provision states no defence, so the prosecution bears the burden on every element of the offence.
Classifier’s reasoning: mens rea word in the offence-creating words: recklessly.
What would breach regulation 9(1)?
These are illustrations, not law. They are generated from the provision’s own words to show the shape of the offence. Whether any particular conduct is caught depends on the full text, on any amendment since, and on the facts.
- Entering a figure on a form or return that is known to be wrong under the Aflatoxins in Nuts, Nut Products, Dried Figs and Dried Fig Products Regulations 1992.
- Leaving out something the form asks for, where the omission is what makes the answer misleading.
- Producing a document to an official that has been altered since it was issued.
Penalty
- Mode of trial
- Either way — magistrates’ court or Crown Court
- Maximum fine
- £5,000
- Maximum prison (summary)
- Not determined
expressed as the statutory maximum (the prescribed sum): the same words mean £5,000 in England and Wales and £10,000 in Scotland.
Sentencing
Offences of this kind are usually sentenced under the guidelines below. This is a mapping by subject, not a finding about this provision, and the links go to a search of the Sentencing Council’s own site.
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Sentencing organisations: fines and the means of a corporate defendant
All courts in England and Wales
How a fine on a company is arrived at from its turnover. Relevant far beyond the guidelines that state it, because a very large share of the offences in this corpus can only be committed by an organisation.
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Health and safety offences, corporate manslaughter and food safety and hygiene offences: definitive guideline
Magistrates' courts and the Crown Court in England and Wales · in force from 1 February 2016
Covers breaches of duty under the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 and the regulations made under it, and food safety and food hygiene offences. Sentencing turns on culpability and on the seriousness and likelihood of harm risked, not only on the harm that happened.
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Imposition of community and custodial sentences: definitive guideline
All courts in England and Wales
When a community order or custody is justified at all, and the presumption against short custodial sentences.
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Reduction in sentence for a guilty plea: definitive guideline
All courts in England and Wales · in force from 1 June 2017
The sliding scale of credit for pleading guilty, from one third at the first stage of proceedings downwards.
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General guideline: overarching principles
All courts in England and Wales · in force from 1 October 2019
The guideline a court uses when there is no offence-specific guideline, which is the position for the overwhelming majority of offences created by statutory instrument. It sets out how culpability and harm are assessed from first principles.
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Totality: definitive guideline
All courts in England and Wales
How to sentence more than one offence at once so that the total is just and proportionate - frequently in point here, because regulatory prosecutions commonly charge several breaches of the same instrument.
Prosecution figures
No published per-offence figure was found for this provision, and it could not be matched to a Ministry of Justice offence code. Offences created by statutory instrument very largely do not have one. Absence of a figure is not evidence that the offence is unused.
Status and lifecycle
- Current status
- Revoked
- Revoked by
- The Contaminants in Food (Amendment) Regulations 1999
- Revoked on
- 30 June 1999
- Made
- 16 December 1992
- In force from
- 31 December 1992
- Extent
- Not stated
How this was established: the instrument was revoked by a later instrument found in this corpus.
What the instrument is for
(This note is not part of the Regulations) — the explanatory note published with the instrument, © Crown copyright.
These Regulations, which apply to Great Britain, come into force on 31st December 1992. The Regulations prohibit the import of any nuts, nut products, dried figs or dried fig products other than from a country within the European Economic Community except throμgh an authorised place of entry and in accordance with a procedure which requires that they be presented for sampling and analysis for aflatoxins (regulations 5 and 6 and Schedule 3). Detailed requirements for such sampling and analysis are given in Schedule 4. The Regulations further prohibit the consumer sale of any nuts, nut products, dried figs or dried fig products which have a level of aflatoxins of more than 4 micrograms per kilogram of the food in question (regulation 7).
Read the full note and every offence in this instrument
Other offences in the same instrument
- Application of various provisions of the Food Safety Act 1990regulation 11(2)
- Application of various provisions of the Food Safety Act 1990regulation 11(3)
How this was identified as an offence
Everything above rests on the judgement that this provision creates a criminal offence, rather than mentioning one. That judgement is made by rule, from the words of the provision, and this is the rule that made it — with a confidence of 0.92.
- Basis
- the provision says a person is “guilty of an offence”
- Confidence
- 0.92 of 1.00
A provision that states a penalty for an offence created elsewhere can read very like one that creates an offence, and the rules can mistake the one for the other. If the text quoted above sets a penalty for something made an offence by another provision, treat the classification on this page with that in mind, and read the instrument.
Check the source
- This provision on legislation.gov.uk The authoritative text. Check it before relying on anything here.
- Aflatoxins in Nuts, Nut Products, Dried Figs and Dried Fig Products Regulations 1992 Every offence this instrument creates, and its explanatory note
- Food, consumer protection, trading standards, product safety and age-restricted salesOther offences on the same subject
- Offences created in 1992