Offences and penalties
regulation 14(1) of The Cattle (Identification of Older Animals) (Scotland) Regulations 2001
- Status not determined
- Mixed — some elements strict, some not
- Either way
- Dogs, animals, hunting and wildlife
This offence was read from the text as made, and no revised version was available, so a later revocation could not be ruled out. Check the current text at legislation.gov.uk.
What the provision says
1 A person contravening or failing to comply with regulation 12(1)(a) or (b) above shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to
a fine not exceeding level
5 on the standard scale or to imprisonment for
a term not exceeding three months or to both.
Text as made, from legislation.gov.uk. © Crown copyright, reused under the Open Government Licence v3.0. This is the text as originally made; later amendments are not shown here.
Who it binds, and what has to be proved
- Binds
- a person
- Conduct
- failing to do something the instrument requires
- Fault element
- Mixed — some elements strict, some not
- Burden of proof
- No statutory defence — prosecution proves everything
The prosecution must prove the conduct, and - for those elements the provision qualifies (intentionally) - the state of mind it names. The remaining elements carry no fault requirement, so they are strict.
The provision states no defence, so the prosecution bears the burden on every element of the offence.
Classifier’s reasoning: the offence itself carries no fault word, but a duty it criminalises by cross-reference uses intentionally; which element that governs was not determined.
What would breach regulation 14(1)?
These are illustrations, not law. They are generated from the provision’s own words to show the shape of the offence. Whether any particular conduct is caught depends on the full text, on any amendment since, and on the facts.
- Not doing what the provision requires under the Cattle (Identification of Older Animals) (Scotland) Regulations 2001, by the time it requires it to be done.
- Doing it, but not in the manner or to the standard the instrument specifies.
Penalty
- Mode of trial
- Either way — magistrates’ court or Crown Court
- Maximum fine
- £5,000
- Standard scale
- Level 5
- Maximum prison (summary)
- 3 months
- Maximum prison (on indictment)
- 2 years
in Scotland a reference to a level is construed as referring to the standard scale as it currently stands (CP(S)A 1995 s.225(2)), not as it stood when the instrument was made.
Sentencing
Offences of this kind are usually sentenced under the guidelines below. This is a mapping by subject, not a finding about this provision, and the links go to a search of the Sentencing Council’s own site.
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Animal cruelty: definitive guideline
Magistrates' courts in England and Wales · in force from 1 July 2017
Covers cruelty to and neglect of animals, and the associated disqualification and deprivation orders.
-
Imposition of community and custodial sentences: definitive guideline
All courts in England and Wales
When a community order or custody is justified at all, and the presumption against short custodial sentences.
-
Reduction in sentence for a guilty plea: definitive guideline
All courts in England and Wales · in force from 1 June 2017
The sliding scale of credit for pleading guilty, from one third at the first stage of proceedings downwards.
-
General guideline: overarching principles
All courts in England and Wales · in force from 1 October 2019
The guideline a court uses when there is no offence-specific guideline, which is the position for the overwhelming majority of offences created by statutory instrument. It sets out how culpability and harm are assessed from first principles.
-
Totality: definitive guideline
All courts in England and Wales
How to sentence more than one offence at once so that the total is just and proportionate - frequently in point here, because regulatory prosecutions commonly charge several breaches of the same instrument.
Prosecution figures
No published per-offence figure was found for this provision, and it could not be matched to a Ministry of Justice offence code. Offences created by statutory instrument very largely do not have one. Absence of a figure is not evidence that the offence is unused.
Status and lifecycle
- Current status
- Status not determined
- Made
- 8 January 2001
- In force from
- Not determined
- Extent
- Not stated
How this was established: read from the text as made; no revised version available, so later revocation could not be ruled out.
What the instrument is for
(This note is not part of the Regulations) — the explanatory note published with the instrument, © Crown copyright.
These Regulations, implement in relation to Scotland the provisions of Council Regulation (EC) No. 1760/2000 concerning older cattle. They require cattle born before 1st July 1996 (which is when the first cattle passports were issued) which are not already registered on a voluntary basis to be registered before 29th January 2001 (regulation 5). They require notification of the location of all cattle (which are held in Scotland) with passports without movement cards not already registered and provide for the issue of movement cards (regulation 6). In relation to cattle born before 28th September 1998 (which is when the passports with movement cards were first issued), these Regulations require notification to the Scottish Ministers when these animals are moved. They also provide for the use of electronic notification of movement as an alternative to notification using movement cards, and for a register of approved users of electronic notification (regulations 7 and 8). They also make provision for the notification of the death of cattle born before 1st July 1996 (regulation 9). They make provision for powers of inspectors (regulation 10) and provide for an officer of the Scottish Ministers to impose movement restrictions for cattle to which the Regulations relate where there has been a contravention of these Regulations (regulation 11). They make provision in relation to obstruction of inspectors (regulation 12) and for offences by Scottish partnerships and bodies corporate (regulation 13). Failure to comply with the Regulations is an offence punishable as specified in regulation 14. They are enforced by the Scottish Ministers or the local authority (regulation 15). The database and the register of approved users of electronic mail is maintained on a Great Britain wide basis by The British Cattle Movement Service (BCMS), Curwen Road, Workington, Cumbria CA14 2DD. Regulation 3(2) and (3) allows the Scottish Ministers to arrange with the BCMS for it to carry out, on an agency basis, such relevant functions as may be agreed in arrangements made for that purpose. A Regulatory Impact Assessment has been prepared and has been placed in the Scottish Parliament Information Centre. Copies can be obtained from Scottish Executive Rural Development Department, Pentland House, 47 Robb’s Loan, Edinburgh, EH14 1TY.
Read the full note and every offence in this instrument
Other offences in the same instrument
- A person contravening or failing to comply with any other provision of these Regulations shall be guilty of…regulation 14(2)
How this was identified as an offence
Everything above rests on the judgement that this provision creates a criminal offence, rather than mentioning one. That judgement is made by rule, from the words of the provision, and this is the rule that made it — with a confidence of 0.92.
- Basis
- the provision says a person is “guilty of an offence”
- Confidence
- 0.92 of 1.00
A provision that states a penalty for an offence created elsewhere can read very like one that creates an offence, and the rules can mistake the one for the other. If the text quoted above sets a penalty for something made an offence by another provision, treat the classification on this page with that in mind, and read the instrument.
Check the source
- This provision on legislation.gov.uk The authoritative text. Check it before relying on anything here.
- The Cattle (Identification of Older Animals) (Scotland) Regulations 2001 Every offence this instrument creates, and its explanatory note
- Dogs, animals, hunting and wildlifeOther offences on the same subject
- Offences created in 2001